⚡ CPII DATA LAB · FROM WATTS TO WORK
CPII Data Lab
Elasticity, capacity factor & efficiency · 1985–2020

Nearly a fifth of every kilowatt-hour never reaches you.

Beyond who owns Philippine power lies a harder question: how well the sector works. Of all the electricity generated, some is burned by the plants themselves and more is lost in the wires — so only about 82% arrives to do economic work. This is the power sector measured by output, not ownership.

Supplied series · 1985–2020 · no later values inferred
Where a unit of generation goes — latest year
01 / ELASTICITY

Does power still drive growth?

Electricity–GDP elasticity asks how fast power demand grows for each point of economic growth. In the industrialising 1990s the economy was electricity-hungry — elasticity above 2. As growth shifted to services, it fell toward 1: the economy now wrings more output from each kilowatt-hour. Shown as a 5-year rolling ratio to smooth annual swings.

Elasticity to GDP, 5-year rolling
Ratio · 1.0 = grows in step with GDP
Electricity intensity of the economy
Wh generated per peso of real GDP

Intensity rose through the electrifying 1990s–2000s, then eased as services grew — more GDP per kilowatt-hour.

02 / CAPACITY FACTOR

How hard the fleet actually works

Capacity factor is real generation against what the installed fleet could produce running flat out. It climbed from under 40% in the late 1980s to about 50% — better utilisation — before dipping when demand fell in 2020. Even at its best, roughly half the nameplate sits idle on average: the cost of reserves, peaking plants and an uneven demand curve.

capacity factor in — up from about 38% in the late 1980s, and off its peak.
Installed capacity
Megawatts · the fleet the country built

Capacity more than quadrupled since 1985. When it outpaces demand, utilisation — and capacity factor — falls.

03 / EFFICIENCY

Where the power leaks

Two leaks sit between the generator and the meter. System loss — power lost in transmission and distribution — has roughly halved since the 1980s. But own use — electricity the plants consume to run themselves — has climbed, tracking the shift to coal, whose auxiliaries are hungry. Gains in the wires were partly eaten at the plant.

The leak, stacked
Share of generation lost, own use + system loss
system loss today — down from about 16% in the late 1980s.
own use today — up from about 5%, as coal came to dominate the fleet.
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Rising own use is a fingerprint of the fuel mix. The fuel mix behind it can be followed in the Energy Flows explorer; the source-coded ownership structure is in Who Owns Philippine Power; and the public corporations left holding sector debt are in The Public Ledger.

04 / THE DATA

Demand, built up by sector

Total consumption by end use, in gigawatt-hours — including the two leaks. The full series is below; filter by year to read any point.

Electricity consumption by sector
GWh · residential, commercial, industrial, other, plus own use & losses

Download the complete supplied performance series. Includes generation, capacity, elasticity, losses, delivered share and end-use consumption.

Year ▲▼ Gen (GWh) ▲▼ Cap (MW) ▲▼ Cap. factor ▲▼ Elec-GDP elas. ▲▼ Sys. loss ▲▼ Own use ▲▼ Delivered ▲▼